Chocolate Toxicity in dogs: How much is too much?

Most people know that chocolate is poisonous to dogs but may not know why or how much is toxic to a dog.

Why is Chocolate Bad for Dogs?

Chocolate contains a compound called theobromine which primarily affects the nervous system, cardiovascular system (heart and circulation) and urination. In high enough doses, it can be toxic to all species, including humans! Fortunately for us, chocolate contains a small enough quantity that humans can usually process it without a problem, however metabolism of theobromine from chocolate and cocoa is slow in the dog compared to their owners. The onset of clinical signs of chocolate toxicity is usually seen within 24 hours but more likely within four hours. Once seen the signs may persist for up to 72 hours.

The signs to watch out for if your dog has eaten too much chocolate include:

• Increased excitability / irritability
• Increased heart rate
• Restlessness
• Vomiting
• Increased urination
• Muscle tremors
• Severe intoxication, seizures, cardiac arrest and death can occur 

Chocolate is also toxic for cats, but it is rarely a problem for them as cats do not generally like the taste

How Much Chocolate is Fatal for Dogs?

Fatal doses of theobromine are between 90 – 250mg per kg of body weight.  Different types of chocolate contain different amounts of theobromine with dark chocolate containing around six times the amount in milk chocolate and cocoa powder containing even more still.  For a 10 kg dog such as a West Highland Terrier, potentially toxic levels can be reached by eating only 2.2oz (63grams) of unsweetened cooking chocolate, or 23.5 oz (670grams) of milk chocolate.

My Dog Has Eaten Chocolate: What to do

There is no specific antidote for chocolate poisoning in dogs.  If you suspect your dog may have eaten chocolate or cocoa powder then veterinary advice should be sought immediately.  Inducing vomiting can help if the chocolate was eaten within one to two hours.  Other treatment may include charcoal administration by a vet to inhibit absorption of the toxins.  In more severe cases intensive care may be required over a number of days and include supportive therapy with seizure control medications, oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids etc. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the outcome is usually very good for chocolate toxicity cases.

Chocolate poisoning is a very real threat to your dog. To avoid this occurring, make sure chocolate is kept secure and out of reach of your dog. Be extra vigilant during seasonal holidays such as Easter and Christmas, where chocolate can often be found throughout the home.  If you suspect your dog has eaten a significant amount of chocolate, don't delay, speak to your veterinary surgeon and get the dog seen.

Healthy Treats for Your Dog

Many dog snacks and treats are delicious to our pets and can be healthy too! The ingredients are carefully selected for their texture, nutritional value and aroma so that pets will instinctively be drawn to them.

Dog treats: Some treats are designed for dogs with food allergies that manifest as skin reactions and gastrointestinal disorders. They are referred to as hypoallergenic treats. 

Dog Rawhide & Chews are a tasty treat that helps to care for your dog's teeth.

Are there any pet-friendly chocolate alternatives?

We have a great selection of dog treats here. 

Good Boy Chocolate Drops for dogs are hugely popular: they’re doggie chocolate, and 100% safe!

And if you’d like to give your canine friend a special, home-made doggy safe chocolate treat, try this recipe.

Carob chip cookies for dogs

Ingredients:

• 5 cups brown rice flour
• 5 cups oat flour
• 3/4 cup carob chips
• 1 tsp vanilla extract
• 1 egg
• 3/4 cup water

Method:

Preheat your oven to 180°C. Combine all the ingredients together in a large mixing bowl and use a spatula or large spoon to fold over the dough until moistened throughout. Continue until you have a stiff, dry dough. Roll and shape your little biscuits (you can use cookie cutters to create fun shapes). Place on a baking sheet and bake for 20 minutes.

If you suspect your dog has eaten a significant amount of chocolate, don't delay, speak to your veterinary surgeon asap.